Sow the big flat seeds 1cm (1/2") deep and 1-2cm (1/2-1") apart. On the farm, 100' row needs 14-28 grams of seed, or 1 1/2-2 kg per acre. Rows should be 45-60cm (18-24") apart. Seeds can take 3 weeks to germinate and will not push through dry crusted soil. Cover seeds with compost or put floating row cover over planting to shade the soil and conserve moisture. Using fine vermiculite over the row of parsnip seeds allows the delicate seedling to emerge. The July planting for winter harvest is particularly difficult to keep watered while the seeds are sprouting. Earlier sowings in moist spring soil may make overly large roots by Fall.
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In optimal conditions at least 60% of seeds will germinate. Soil temperature for germination: 10-25&ordm;C (50-75&ordm;F). Usual seed life: 1 year.